The neume tables contained in this Appendix use a transcription system based on that used in the Chant Editing and Analysis Program.1 This system employs the following abbreviations:
Abb. | Meaning |
N | Neutral—unknown—relative pitch height |
L | A lower pitch than the note immediately preceding it in the same neume |
H | A higher pitch than the note immediately preceding it in the same neume |
S | The same pitch as that of the note immediately preceding it in the same neume |
D | Same or a lower pitch than the note immediately preceding it in the same neume |
U | Same or a higher pitch than the note immediately preceding it in the same neume |
Any of above | Any of the abbreviations given above can be italicised to indicate pen-strokes that might represent quilismas |
Other signs and abbreviations | |
/ | “Or,” used in some category names |
() | “And,” used in some category names |
+ | Indicates that the neume category includes neumes starting with the reading preceding this sign plus any additional notes. For example: category “NHHH+” includes all neumes starting with NHHH that have one or more notes after the final H (e.g. NHHHH, NHHHL, NHHHHL or NHHHLH); and category “NHLL(+)” includes all neumes with melodic reading NHLL and all neumes starting with NHLL that have one or more notes after the final L (e.g. NHLLL, NHLLHL). + is used in categories of neumes only. |
Rather than using the Chant Editing and Analysis Program's “Q” or “q” to indicate quilismas, I signal quilismas by italicizing the relative height abbreviation (N, H, U, etc.) of the notes that might be quilismatic, e.g. “NUUH.” This is because by using “Q”/“q” we miss the specific relative height information (when quilismas represent a performative nuance assigned to a note, not a note per se),2 and seem to be indicating that certain shapes are quilismatic (when no study has been able to confirm what shapes in the Hispanic rite represent quilismas).
Each neume table is organised using the categories of neumes included in CEAP. These categories are the following: N; NH; NHH; NHHH; NHHH+ gapped; NHHH+ joined; NHHL; NHH(L/D)+; NHL; NH(L/D)H(+); NHLL(+); NUH(+); NUU(+); NUS(+); NUL(+); NL; NLL(+); N(L/D)H(+); NS(S+); NSH; NSH(+). We have updated CEAP categories NH(L/D)H(+) to NH(L/D)(H/U)+, N(L/D)H(+) to N(L/D)(H/U)(+), and NUS(+) to NHS(+), following the persuasive preliminary results of the studies carried out by Dr Francisco M. Camas for the ERC-funded RESOUND project.3 An extra category, which does not exist in the Hispanic rite manuscripts, NSL(+), has been added between NUL(+) and NL for BL47, 48 and 50.
The neumes of each reading are organised from those with their components (i.e. individual notes) most easily distinguishable to those with their components most interconnected and difficult to detect. This means that they are organised starting with the most “gapped” neumes and ending with the most “connected” neumes. These subcategories are further organised by starting with the neumes using simpler components, and ending with the neumes using the most complex components (dot being the simplest component, and waves, the most complex). Within the neumes that have their notes graphically connected, we place first those using the most angular—clearest—connections, then those using loops, and, finally, those using curves—the connections that make the task of detecting individual notes most difficult. A further level of organisation places: first, the most vertical version of each neume, and, last, its most horizontal one.
In categories that include readings of different lengths—such as NLL(+), where we find three note-neumes reading NLL, as well as neumes with more notes, such as NLLH (four notes) or NLLLL (five notes), for example—, the readings are listed starting with the neumes with fewer notes and ending with the neumes with most notes. In these categories, within the neumes that share the same number of notes, those that have ascending (H, U) readings are listed before those with same (S) readings, and these are listed before those with descending (D, L) readings. For example, in the NLL(+) category, the four-note neumes with reading NLLH are listed before those reading NLLL,4 then we find the five-note neumes NLLHH, followed by NLLHL, then NLLLH, and then NLLLL.
Each of the neumes normally appears in several folios of each manuscript. The folio number given for each neume's “location” indicates where the picture included in the table was taken from— the clearest picture found in each manuscript for each neume. This folio number, thus, does not always coincide with the first instance of the neume.